AI Definitions: Tokenization

Tokenization – The first step in natural language processing, this happens when an LLM creates a digital representation (or token) of a real thing—everything gets a number; written words are translated into numbers. Think of a token as the root of a word. “Creat” is the “root” of many words, for instance, including Create, Creative, Creator, Creating, and Creation. “Create” would be an example of a token. This is the first step in natural language processing. Examples

More AI definitions here

Writing for AI Overviews & Generative Engine Optimization

AI Overviews and AI Mode are dramatically changing organic search traffic.

While search engine optimization (SEO) focuses on matching a user’s query, generative search also considers information about the searcher themselves—from their Google Docs usage to their social media footprint. This information is used to inform, not only the current search, but future searches as well.  

Likewise, the process of optimizing your website’s content to boost its visibility in AI-driven search engines (ChatGPT, Perplexity, Gemini, Copilot and Google AI) has a similar path. As SEO helps brands increase visibility on search engines (Google, Microsoft Bing), generative engine optimization (GEO) is all about how brands appear on AI-driven platforms. There is overlap between the goals of GEO and traditional SEO. Both SEO and GEO use keywords and prioritize engaging content as well as conversational queries and contextual phrasing. Both consider how fast a website loads, mobile friendliness, and prefer technically sound website. However, while SEO is concerned with metatags and links in response to user queries from individual pages, GEO is about quick, direct responses from synthesizes content out of multiple sources.

AI models are not trained solely to retrieve relevant documents based on exact-match phrasing. Generative search is about fitting into the reasoning process, starting with the user’s identity. That’s why your content is being judged, not just on whether it ends up in the final answer, but whether it helps the model reason its way toward that answer. Despite performing all the typical SEO common practices, your response may not make it to the other side of the AI reasoning pipeline. In fact, the same content could go through the pipeline a second time and yield a different result. It’s not enough to be generally relevant to the final answer. Your content is now in direct competition with other plausible answers, so it must be more useful, precise, and complete than the next-best option.

It appears now that Google AI Overviews favors content that:

  •  contains the who, what, why

  • offers clarity and distinctiveness in the small sections

  • is written in natural, conversational terms (AI will attempt to deliver its answer in that same way)

  • uses strong introductory sentences that convey clear value 

  • has H2 tags that align with user questions

  • is structured to match common question structures (open, closed, probing)

  • allows for restatement of quires and implied sub-questions, where a main question is broken down into smaller parts.

  • contains multi-faceted answers,

  • is rich in relationships,

  • has explicit logical structures and supports causal progression,

  • has clear headlines

  •  cites sources

  • includes statistics & quotations 

  • has multimedia integration

AI Overviews attempt to exclude content that is overly generalized, speculative, or optimized for clickbait over clarity. Vague and generic writing underperforms.  

LLMs are being trained to favor content that helps them reason well. Writers should attempt to match those paths that the models take to arrive at high-confidence answers. 

More information: 

How AI Mode and AI Overviews work based on patents and why we need new strategic focus on SEO

What is generative engine optimization (GEO)?

20 Articles about how AI is Affecting Jobs

8 Takeaways from Oxford’s 2025 Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism

  • For the first time, social media has displaced television as the top way Americans get news.

  • Engagement with traditional media sources such as TV, print, and news websites continues to fall, while dependence on social media, video platforms, and online aggregators grows.

  • In the U.S. between 2021 and 2025, the share of population consuming news video at least weekly increased from 55% to 72%, with most of the news video being viewed on social platforms.

  • The vast majority of audiences remain unwilling to pay for online news.

  • More than a third of respondents say they turn to a news outlet they trust to check if information is false or misleading. But younger users are more likely than other groups to check social media, including by reading comments from other users.

  • In the U.S. a similar proportion now consume news podcasts each week as read a printed newspaper or magazine (14%) or listen to news and current affairs on the radio (13%).

  • Audiences in most countries remain skeptical about the use of AI in the news and are more comfortable with use cases where humans remain in the loop.

  • Overall trust in the news (40%) has remained stable for the third year in a row.

    2025 Digital News Report from the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism

AI Definitions: Predictive Analytics

Predictive analytics - This method of speculating about future events uses past data to make recommendations. Researchers create complex mathematical algorithms in an effort to discover patterns in the data. One doesn't know in advance what data is important. The statistical models created by predictive analytics are designed to discover which of the pieces of data will predict the desired outcome. While correlation is not causation, a cause-and-effect relationship is not needed to make predictions. Predictive AI is ideal for anticipating what a user is most likely to be interested in based on past behavior and user characteristics. However, after gathering this data, data scientists will often turn to causal AI in order to gauge the impact on user behavior.

More AI definitions here

17 Articles about AI’s impact on College Faculty & Administrators

Chief AI Officer: Higher Ed’s New Leadership Role - GovTech

Crafting Thoughtful AI Policy in Higher Education: A Guide for Institutional Leaders – Faculty Focus

The Computer-Science Bubble Is Bursting: Artificial intelligence is ideally suited to replacing the very type of person who built it – The Atlantic 

How Higher Ed Institutions Are Using Built-In Generative AI Tools – EdTech Magazine

AI Agents Are Set To Transform Higher Education—Here’s How – Forbes

Welcome to Campus. Here’s Your ChatGPT. – New York Times

OpenAI, the firm that helped spark chatbot cheating, wants to embed A.I. in every facet of college. First up: 460,000 students at Cal State. - New York Times

What I Learned Serving on My University’s AI Committee – Chronicle of Higher Ed

AI and Threats to Academic Integrity: What to Do – Inside Higher Ed

How Miami Schools Are Leading 100,000 Students Into the A.I. Future - New York Times

In Battle Against AI-Powered Fraudsters, Colleges Turn to New Weapon – AI – Voice of San Diego

Boston University Denies It Would Use AI to Replace Striking Teaching Assistants – Inside Higher Ed  

Are You Ready for the AI University? – Chronicle of Higher Ed 

Students Found Out AI Will Help Read Their Names at Commencement. Protest Ensued. – Chronicle of Higher Ed 

How To Stay Ahead Of AI – The Human Skills Universities Must Teach - Forbes 

To ‘publish or perish’, do we need to add ‘AI or die’? – Times Higher Ed

As ‘Bot’ Students Continue to Flood In, Community Colleges Struggle to Respond – Voice of San Diego

The best Social Network for Success is Often Overlooked

Several years ago sociologist Brian Uzzi did a study of why certain Broadway musicals made between 1945 and 1989 were successful and others flopped. The explanation he arrived at had to do with the people behind the productions. For failed productions, one of two extremes was common. The first was a collaboration between creative artists and producers who tended to all know one another. When there were mostly strong ties, the production lacked the fresh, creative insights that come from diverse experience. The other type of failed production was one in which none of the artists had experience working together. When the group was made up of mostly weak ties, teamwork and group cohesion suffered.

In contrast, the social networks of the people behind successful productions had a healthy balance: There were some strong ties, some weak ties. There was some established trust, but also enough new blood in the system to generate new ideas. Think of your network of relationships in the same way: The best professional network is both narrow/deep (allies with whom you collaborate regularly) and wide/ shallow (weak-tie acquaintances who offer fresh information and ideas). 

Reid Hoffman and Ben Casnocha, The Startup of You

27 Webinars this Week about AI, Journalism & Media

Mon, June 23 - Writing for the Reader's Brain

What: An informative webinar focusing the primary errors that writers make in emails, marketing materials, job application letters, and pitches.

Who: Yellowlees Douglas

When: 8 am, Eastern

Where: Zoom

Cost: Free

Sponsor: Cambridge University

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Mon, June 23 - Agentic AI in News Media: Real-World Applications & Future Possibilities

What: This session will provide actionable insights for news organizations looking to harness the power of Agentic AI while navigating ethical and operational challenges.

Who: Ezra Eeman, WAN-IFRA AI Expert; Markus Franz, Chief Technology Officer (CTO), Ippen Digital GmbH & Co. KG;

When: 10 am, Eastern

Where: Zoom

Cost: Free

Sponsor: World Association of News Publishers

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Mon, June 23 - Leading for AI: The Three Mindsets for Thoughtful Implementation

What: This session cuts through the tech hype to focus on the essential mindset shifts required for successful AI adoption in nonprofits. Leaders will explore how experimentation, collaboration, and 'critical friend' mindsets influence AI implementation success in their organizations. This presentation uses a unique blend of leadership, coaching, behavior change, and org development to help leaders navigate the human side of AI.

Who: Valerie Ehrlich, Mission Bloom.

When: 11 am, Eastern

Where: Zoom

Cost: Free

Sponsor: Nonprofit Learning Lab

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Tue, June 24 - Using Public Records To Fight Government Secrecy and Improve Communities

What: These experts will discuss how secrecy harms communities and damages trust in all levels of government, and how records requests can fight back and help inform the public. The panel will discuss success stories and lessons learned, and share practical tips about how to craft the most effective requests possible, even at this daunting hour for the public’s right to know.

Who: Lauren Harper, Daniel Ellsberg chair on government secrecy at FPF; Michael Morisy, CEO at MuckRock Miranda Spivack, journalist and author of “Backroom Deals in Our Backyards”; Nate Jones, FOIA director at The Washington Post and ​​author of “Able Archer 83”.

When: 1 pm, Eastern

Where: Zoom

Cost: Free

Sponsor: Freedom of the Press Foundation

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Tue, June 24 - AI-Powered Government: 3 Strategies to Transform Your Workforce

What: Industry experts will discuss how the advent of artificial intelligence is reshaping the public sector and what you can do to stay ahead.

Who: Jason Joseph, Workforce Transformation Solution Principal, Dell Federal Services; Scott Morris, Senior Director, Dell’s Modern Workspace Solutions Group; Andrew Saltra, Business Development Manager, Dell Federal Services.

When: 2 pm, Eastern

Where: Zoom

Cost: Free

Sponsor: GovLoop

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Tue, June 24 - How To Create An Interactive Podcast From Your Sermons

What: Learn: How to upload a sermon and turn it into a conversational podcast using AI; How to use Google Notebook LM to summarize and discuss sermon content with AI-generated hosts; How to create private podcasts specifically for small group leaders; How to publish your podcast for free using Spotify for Podcasters.

Who: Kenny Jahng, founder of AI for Church Leaders.

When: 12:30 pm, Eastern

Where: Zoom

Cost: $7

Sponsor: AIforChurchLeaders.com

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Tue, June 24 - How to Set the Right AI Rules for the Campus

What: We’ll explore: What innovative assignments encourage the proper use of generative AI tools; How AI can be both beneficial and detrimental for students in diverse degree fields; What generative AI rules should be established for extracurricular activities on college campuses; How faculty can enforce AI rules both inside and outside the classroom.

Who: Ian Wilhelm Deputy Managing Editor, The Chronicle of Higher Education; Van L. Davis Executive Director WICHE Cooperative for Educational Technologies; Gloria Niles Director of Online Learning, University of Hawai'i System; Elizabeth Reilley Executive Director, AI Acceleration, Arizona State University; Valerie Riggs, Ed.D Assistant Professor of Teacher Education and Professional Development, Morgan State University

When: 2:00 pm, Eastern

Where: Zoom

Cost: Free

Sponsor: Chronicle of Higher Ed

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Tue, June 24 - Public Health Journalism: Finding focus and shaping your narrative 

What: Learn how to find focus and harness your narrative. We’ll share tips for organization, editing yourself, and finding clarity. 

When: 12:00 pm, Eastern

Where: Zoom

Cost: Free

Sponsor: National Press Club Journalism Institute

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Tue, June 24 - How to Cover Plastic Pollution

What: Are you a journalist interested in covering plastics? Join this webinar to learn how to report on this pressing topic from science, civil society, and journalism specialists.

Who: Charles Pekow, freelance journalist and Mongabay contributor; Ana Lê Rocha from the Global Plastics Program at GAIA; Philip J. Landrigan, MD from the Global Observatory on Planetary Health at Boston College.

When: 8 am, Eastern

Where: Zoom

Cost: Free

Sponsor: Mongabay

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Tue, June 24 - OpenAI Academy Information Session

What: Discover how OpenAI Academy’s free educational tools, including webinars, guides, and videos can support your journey into artificial intelligence. Whether you’re an educator or AI enthusiast, this session will walk you through the platform, highlight tailored resources, and offer a live Q&A with the team.

Who: Cynthia Pereda, LCSW Grant Director, NAAIC; Antonio Delgado Vice President, Innovation and Technology Partners, Miami Dade College; Alex Nawar Head of OpenAI Academy, OpenAI.

When: 2 pm, Eastern

Where: Zoom

Cost: Free

Sponsors: National Applied AI Consortium, OpenAI Academy

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Wed, June 25 - From Draft to Submission: AI Tools for Optimizing the Research Workflow

What: This session will introduce participants to the most effective AI tools for optimizing each stage of the research workflow. Whether you’re an experienced AI user or exploring these tools for the first time, the session will provide insights into selecting the right solutions while addressing concerns about privacy, reliability, and ethical considerations.    

Who: Raffaella Gozzelino Group Leader at NOVA Medical School of Lisbon; Vasundara BN Project Manager, Cactus Communications.

When: 3 am, Eastern

Where: Zoom

Cost: Free

Sponsor: Editage

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Wed, June 25 - Reimagining Financial Journalism in the Age of AI

What: This webinar will explore how we should redefine and re-educate financial journalists for an AI-augmented future.

Who: Ryk van Niekerk, an award-winning financial journalist with more than 25 years of experience. He currently serves as the editor of Moneyweb and hosts RSG Geldsake, the most widely listened-to business radio show in South Africa; Rob Rose, a South African business journalist with over two decades of experience in financial and investigative reporting. He is currently editor and co-founder of Currency, a financial news publication.

When: 7 am, Eastern

Where: Zoom

Cost: Free

Sponsor: The Wits Centre for Journalism, Johannesburg

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Wed, June 25 - A Trauma informed care for grieving families

What: Learn how grief affects children at different developmental stages. The Do’s and Don’ts of trauma informed responses. And how to best support grieving youth and families.

Who: Paula Newcom, Northeast Regional Coordinator, Indiana State Library; Lindsy Diener-Locke,  LSW·Ryan’s Place (Goshen, Indiana).

When: 10 am, Eastern

Where: Zoom

Cost: Free

Sponsor: Indiana State Library

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Wed, June 25 - Enhancing the research journey in the Web of Science

What: We will explore the latest AI-driven enhancements to the Web of Science that are transforming the research experience.

Who: Elizabeth Killeen, Life Sciences Librarian, Imperial College London.

When: 10 am, Eastern

Where: Zoom

Cost: Free

Sponsor: Clarivate

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Wed, June 25 - Beyond Traffic: How Publishers Are Diversifying Advertising Revenue

What: Join executives from two top news media companies as they share practical strategies for building direct relationships, implementing engagement-focused KPIs, and demonstrating to advertisers why engaged audiences command premium CPMs over anonymous traffic.

Who: David Murphy, Group Head of Digital, The Irish Times; Tuomas Airisto, Chief Commercial Officer, Sanoma Media Finland.

When: 10 am, Eastern

Where: Zoom

Cost: Free to INMA members

Sponsor: International News Media Association

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Wed, June 25 - Harnessing AI: How journalists can reap the benefits – and avoid the pitfalls – of emerging AI tools

What: This panel will share some practical examples of how to incorporate AI tools into your day-to-day workflow. When used correctly, AI can help business journalists do their jobs more efficiently. The panel will also cover best practices to avoid AI hallucinations and other pitfalls, and how to ensure accountability to readers.

Who: Kylie Robison, Senior Correspondent, Wired; Ben Welsh, News Applications Editor, Reuters;  Greg Saitz, Investigations Editor, FT Specialist US.

When: 1 pm, Eastern

Where: Zoom

Cost: Free to SABEW members, $10 for nonmembers

Sponsor: Society of American Business Editors and Writers

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Wed, June 25 - Geospatial Intelligence – New Data to Solutions

What: This webinar that takes you deep into the Geospatial intelligence lifecycle—from the capture of data to the advanced analytical tools and how advances in AI and machine learning are transforming it into actionable insights. Discover how organizations across sectors are leveraging geospatial intelligence to drive strategic decisions, optimize operations, reduce risk, and create new value in government, business, and humanitarian missions.

Who: Debra Werner Correspondent SpaceNews; Chad Anderson, Founder & CEO Space Capital; Brian Pope, Vice President of Intel Programs Maxar Intelligence; Scot Currie, Vice President of Geospatial Solutions BlackSky.

When: 1 pm, Eastern

Where: Zoom

Cost: Free

Sponsor: Black Sky

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Wed, June 25 - The Ultimate Scrivener Guide for Non-Fiction Writers Who Want Results

What: This webinar is your step-by-step guide to mastering Scrivener, the ultimate tool for organizing research, crafting outlines, and producing polished manuscripts. Perfect for writers of memoirs, how-to guides, and journalistic works, this session delivers practical techniques you can use right away to simplify your process and achieve your writing goals.

When: 2 pm, Eastern

Where: Zoom

Cost: Free

Sponsor: Scrivener

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Thu, June 26 - 2025 Cybersecurity Trends: Key Findings from Radware’s Global Application Security Survey

What: Join us for an in-depth look at Radware’s 2025 Cyber Survey, conducted in partnership with Osterman Research. Based on responses from hundreds of security and IT leaders across industries and regions, the report reveals growing concerns around offensive AI, API business logic attacks, third-party exposure, DDoS disruptions, and compliance gaps. This session will explore the key findings, including why most organizations lack visibility, documentation, and real-time protections. Learn what these trends mean for your customers and how Radware can help address the most urgent challenges in application, API, and cloud security.

Who: Dan Schnour; Michael Sampson

When: 2 am, Eastern

Where: Zoom

Cost: Free

Sponsor: Radware

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Thu, June 26 – Rewriting the Leadership Playbook: Innovative Ideas from the Executive Program

What: Join the Craig Newmark Graduate School of Journalism at CUNY for a showcase of bold ideas and breakthrough strategies from the Executive Program in News Innovation and Leadership at the Newmark J-School.

Who: ​Aldana Vales, Director of Audience Experiences at Gannett – USA TODAY Network; Andrea McDaniels, Managing Editor at The Baltimore Banner; Mariah Craddick, Executive Director of Product at The Atlantic; Paris Brown, Publisher at The Baltimore Times; Ross Maghielse, Deputy Managing Editor, Innovation & Development at The Philadelphia Inquirer; and 13 others.

When: 10 am, Eastern

Where: Zoom

Cost: Free

Sponsor: The Craig Newmark Graduate School of Journalism at CUNY

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Thu, June 26 – Accessing Immigration Records

What: What can local reporters do to get the records they need?

Who: Ellen Goodrich, Jack Nelson-Dow Jones Foundation Legal Fellow at the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press; Renee Griffin, Staff attorney at the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press, where she oversees the Legal Hotline; Lau Guzmá, Reporter for New Hampshire Public Radio covering immigrant communities, housing, education and health; Jason Leopold, Senior investigative reporter at Bloomberg and federal Freedom of Information Act expert. 

When: 12 pm, Eastern

Where: Zoom

Cost: Free

Sponsors: The New England First Amendment Coalition, the Nackey S. Loeb School of Communications

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Thu, June 26 – Automate Your Outreach: AI for Email and Social Media

What: This webinar is designed specifically for busy business owners and marketers. You’ll learn how to harness the latest in AI and automation to plan, write, and schedule your marketing—without sounding robotic.

When: 12:30 pm, Eastern

Where: Zoom

Cost: Free

Sponsor: Dream Local Digital

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Thu, June 26 – AI and Law in Communication

What: Cayce Myers will share insights from his newly published book, “Artificial Intelligence and Law in the Communication Professions.” He’ll discuss the latest developments in AI regulation and what they mean for public relations, journalism, and advertising professionals.

Who: Cayce Myers, a nationally recognized expert on communication law and emerging technologies. He serves as the Director of Graduate Studies and a professor in the School of Communication at Virginia Tech.

When: 1 pm, Eastern

Where: Zoom

Cost: Free

Sponsor: The Nashville Chapter of the Public Relations Society of America

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Thu, June 26 – Empowering Communities Through Applied AI

What: This session is designed to demystify AI and empower individuals through real-world applications. From ethical considerations to practical demonstrations of AI tools like ChatGPT and custom GPTs, participants will gain insights into how AI can be responsibly and effectively used across professional settings.

Who: Sheena Johns Instructor, Miami Dade College; Christian Vivas Founder, RAWBBIT; Dr. José A. Fernández-Calvo Leader, AI Center, Miami Dade College; Michael Mannino Co-CEO and Co-Founder, Syneurgy; Pedro A. Santos Acosta Executive Director of Emerging Technologies, Miami Dade College;

When: 1 pm, Eastern

Where: Zoom

Cost: Free

Sponsor: OpenAI Academy, Miami Dade College

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Thu, June 26 - Build a Beautiful, Impactful Website with Wix

What: Discover how to effortlessly create a stunning website for your nonprofit using Wix's user-friendly tools. In this webinar, we’ll explore the power of the AI Site Generator, which helps you launch a fully designed and content-ready site in minutes. You’ll also get tips for using the Wix Editor, a no-code, drag-and-drop platform that makes customization a breeze. Finally, learn how the Wix Blog can help you share your story, increase visibility, and connect with your supporters. Perfect for nonprofits starting from scratch or looking to refresh their online presence.

Who: Ala Ebrahim, Head of B2B Product Training, Wix,

When: 1 pm, Eastern

Where: Zoom

Cost: Free

Sponsor: TechSoup

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Thu, June 26 - Building a Winning Video Strategy

What: How to assess your resources and tools to craft compelling video journalism for digital and broadcast. We’ll cover equipment needs for solo or small teams with various budgets for shooting and editing and tips for creating short form and 6-10 minute news feature video stories. Let this workshop be the catalyst for crafting a functional video strategy that fits your organization’s goals.

Who: Veteran visual journalist Robert Meek.

When: 2 pm, Eastern

Where: Zoom

Cost: $20

Sponsor: Video Consortium

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Thu, June 26 - Know your rights: Legal Protections for Journalists in the Field

What: This webinar will focus how to safely navigate police interactions and other tips for report in the field.

Who: Yelan Escalona, Attorney at Shullman Fugate; Karla Burgos-Moron, Pro Bono Partnerships Coordinator at the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press.

When: 5:30 pm, Eastern

Where: Zoom

Cost: Free

Sponsor: National Association of Hispanic Journalists

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The Impact of AI on Computer Science Degrees

Computer science has consistently been one of the top majors in the United States for the last decade. But with the ability to task A.I. to code, startups and tech giants alike are hiring fewer and fewer entry-level computer scientists. Reports suggest that at major A.I. companies, the hiring rate for software engineering jobs has fallen over the course of 2024 from a high of about 3,000 per month to near zero. If enrollments in computer science degrees dry up as jobs disappear, the whole pipeline from education to employment could crash.  It’s not so surprising that chatbots might threaten technical jobs before writing ones. -Leif Weatherby, director of the Digital Theory Lab at New York University, writing in the New York Times